Arch Craniofac Surg > Volume 25(3); 2024 > Article |
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Funding
The authors received support from the SmileTrain Organization for the research, authorship, and publication of this article.
Ethical approval
This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University (IRB000141311-15/22) and performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
Author contributions
Conceptualization: Ahmed Bahaa. Data curation: Nada El-Bagoury, Noura Khaled. Formal analysis: Sameera Mohamed. Funding acquisition: Ahmed Bahaa. Methodology: Abdallah Bahaa. Project administration: Nada El-Bagoury. Visualization: Sameera Mohamed, Khaled Mohamad Taha, Mohsena Ahmad Abdarrazik. Writing - original draft: Noura Khaled, Ahmed Mohamed Ibrahim. Writing - review & editing: Ahmed Mohamed Ibrahim, Khaled Mohamad Taha, Mohsena Ahmad Abdarrazik. Investigation: Abdallah Bahaa, Mohsena Ahmad Abdarrazik. Resources: Nada El-Bagoury. Supervision: Ahmad Bahaa. Validation: Ahmad Bahaa.
Group | No. of patients | Age in days, mean ± SD | Sex (M/F) | Cleft side (right/left) |
---|---|---|---|---|
DynaCleft | 8 | 40.43 ± 25.75 | 5/3 | 4/4 |
Nasoalveolar molding | 8 | 38.57 ± 30.86 | 4/4 | 5/3 |
Total | 16 | 39.5 ± 27.32 | 9/7 | 9/7 |
Measurement name | Baseline (cm), mean ± SD | After treatment (cm), mean ± SD | Cohen’s d (95% CI) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Projection alar length (noncleft side) | 2.46 ± 0.29 | 2.36 ± 0.42 | –0.18 (–0.96 to 0.7) | 0.596 |
Projection alar length (cleft side) | 3.46 ± 0.28 | 2.89 ± 0.21 | –1.14 (–2.36 to –0.73) | 0.013a) |
Cleft lip segment | 1.47 ± 0.41 | 0.77 ± 0.37 | –1.29 (–2.63 to –0.94) | 0.008a) |
Angle of columella (o) | 44.57 ± 15.82 | 36.86 ± 15.52 | –1.37 (–4.07 to –0.73) | 0.006a) |
Columella height (noncleft side) | 0.90 ± 0.12 | 0.86 ± 0.18 | –0.18 (–0.90 to 0.83) | 0.604 |
Columella height (cleft side) | 0.34 ± 0.24 | 0.43 ± 0.21 | 0.47 (–0.13 to 2.13) | 0.200 |
Height of the noncleft lip | 1.20 ± 0.22 | 1.06 ± 0.25 | –0.56 (–1.97 to –0.12) | 0.014a) |
Height of the cleft lip | 0.71 ± 0.17 | 0.77 ± 0.42 | 0.16 (–0.82 to 0.9) | 0.643 |
Nasal basal width (noncleft side)) | 1.06 ± 0.31 | 0.93 ± 0.16 | –0.52 (–2.48 to 0.12) | 0.163 |
Nasal basal width (cleft side) | 3.10 ± 0.38 | 2.27 ± 0.36 | –1.15 (–3.14 to –0.86) | 0.013a) |
Nasal tip projection | 1.49 ± 0.25 | 1.36 ± 0.15 | –0.36 (–1.20 to 0.39) | 0.321 |
Nostril width (noncleft side) | 0.96 ± 0.10 | 0.91 ± 0.09 | –0.38 (–1.27 to 0.18) | 0.289 |
Nostril width (cleft side) | 2.66 ± 0.48 | 1.87 ± 0.44 | –1.01 (–2.81 to –0.63) | 0.022a) |
Measurement name | Baseline (cm), mean ± SD | After treatment (cm), mean ± SD | Cohen’s d (95% CI) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Projection alar length (noncleft side) | 1.97 ± 0.41 | 1.71 ± 0.42 | –0.35 (–1.25 to 0.37) | 0.325 |
Projection alar length (cleft side) | 2.86 ± 0.69 | 2.44 ± 0.45 | –0.55 (–1.61 to 0.07) | 0.145 |
Cleft lip segment | 1.36 ± 0.35 | 0.80 ± 0.42 | –1.25 (–7.20 to –0.74) | 0.009a) |
Angle of columella (o) | 32.86 ± 13.95 | 22.86 ± 8.53 | –0.78 (–3.67 to –0.11) | 0.044a) |
Columella height (noncleft side) | 0.87 ± 0.49 | 0.73 ± 0.21 | –0.22 (–0.80 to 0.87) | 0.535 |
Columella height (cleft side) | 0.41 ± 0.38 | 0.41 ± 0.17 | 0 (–0.53 to 1.97) | 1.000 |
Height of the noncleft lip | 0.86 ± 0.26 | 1.00 ± 0.17 | 0.45 (–0.22 to 1.54) | 0.220 |
Height of the cleft lip | 0.51 ± 0.40 | 0.57 ± 0.26 | 0.11 (–0.72 to 0.83) | 0.752 |
Nasal basal width (noncleft side) | 0.86 ± 0.15 | 1.07 ± 0.14 | 1.27 (1.00 to 2.63) | 0.008a) |
Nasal basal width (cleft side) | 2.44 ± 0.68 | 1.97 ± 0.52 | –0.63 (–1.86 to –0.08) | 0.013a) |
Nasal tip projection | 1.11 ± 0.46 | 1.11 ± 0.22 | 0 (–0.68 to 0.89) | 1.000 |
Nostril width (noncleft side) | 0.84 ± 0.15 | 0.87 ± 0.16 | 0.26 (–0.38 to 1.97) | 0.457 |
Nostril width (cleft side) | 1.94 ± 0.39 | 1.47 ± 0.36 | –0.89 (–2.29 to –0.39) | 0.035a) |
Measurement name | DynaCleft (cm), mean ± SD | NAM (cm), mean ± SD | Cohen’s d (95% CI) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Projection alar length (noncleft side) | 2.36 ± 0.42 | 1.71 ± 0.42 | 1.43 (0.67 to 3.02) | 0.014a) |
Projection alar length (cleft side) | 2.89 ± 0.21 | 2.44 ± 0.45 | 1.17 (0.35 to 2.67) | 0.044a) |
Cleft lip segment | 0.77 ± 0.37 | 0.80 ± 0.42 | –0.07 (–1.1 to 1.17) | 0.895 |
Angle of columella (°) | 36.86 ± 15.52 | 22.86 ± 8.53 | 1.05 (0.20 to 2.19) | 0.045a) |
Columella height (noncleft side) | 0.86 ± 0.18 | 0.73 ± 0.21 | 0.61 (–0.45 to 2.39) | 0.249 |
Columella height (cleft side) | 0.43 ± 0.21 | 0.41 ± 0.17 | 0.07 (–1.06 to 1.52) | 0.889 |
Height of the noncleft lip | 1.06 ± 0.25 | 1.00 ± 0.17 | 0.25 (–0.80 to 1.46) | 0.630 |
Height of the cleft lip | 0.77 ± 0.42 | 0.57 ± 0.26 | 0.54 (–0.69 to 1.76) | 0.310 |
Nasal basal width (noncleft side) | 0.93 ± 0.16 | 1.07 ± 0.14 | –0.89 (–2.39 to 0.09) | 0.100 |
Nasal basal width (cleft side) | 2.27 ± 0.36 | 1.97 ± 0.52 | 0.62 (–0.31 to 2.30) | 0.241 |
Nasal tip projection | 1.36 ± 0.15 | 1.11 ± 0.22 | 1.21 (0.28 to 3.40) | 0.035a) |
Nostril width (noncleft side) | 0.91 ± 0.09 | 0.87 ± 0.16 | 0.31 (–0.88 to 1.65) | 0.552 |
Nostril width (cleft side) | 1.87 ± 0.44 | 1.47 ± 0.36 | 0.94 (–0.09 to 3.05) | 0.086 |
Measurement name | Baseline (cm), mean ± SD | After treatment (cm), mean ± SD | Cohen’s d (95% CI) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
DynaCleft group | ||||
Columella height | 0.39 ± 0.26 | 0.50 ± 0.21 | 0.42 (–0.21 to 1.73) | 0.253 |
Projection alar length | 1.42 ± 0.12 | 1.26 ± 0.24 | –0.76 (–1.89 to –0.25) | 0.045a) |
Nostril width | 2.78 ± 0.42 | 2.07 ± 0.54 | –0.84 (–2.23 to –0.34) | 0.043a) |
Nasal basal width | 3.16 ± 1.03 | 2.55 ± 0.72 | –0.55 (–1.84 to 0.07) | 0.143 |
Lip height | 0.61 ± 0.16 | 0.76 ± 0.49 | 0.28 (–0.87 to 0.74) | 0.423 |
NAM group | ||||
Columella height | 0.45 ± 0.25 | 0.56 ± 0.1 | 0.39 (–0.25 to 1.97) | 0.278 |
Projection alar length | 1.53 ± 0.65 | 1.53 ± 0.62 | –0.002 (–0.72 to 0.68) | 0.995 |
Nostril width | 2.34 ± 0.46 | 1.75 ± 0.55 | –1.35 (–3.19 to –0.88) | 0.006a) |
Nasal basal width | 2.94 ± 0.99 | 1.87 ± 0.56 | –0.91 (–2.25 to –0.69) | 0.032a) |
Lip height | 0.57 ± 0.35 | 0.55 ± 0.21 | –0.05 (–0.91 to 0.74) | 0.884 |