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Arch Craniofac Surg > Volume 25(6); 2024 > Article |
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Funding
This research was supported by Operation Smile Thailand, a non-profit organization (grant number AS66006).
Ethical approval
This research was approved by the Committee of the Center for Ethics in Human Research, Khon Kaen University (HE654002).
Patient consent
All caregivers and subjects gave written informed consent after receiving complete information about the research.
Author contributions
Conceptualization: Sumita Duangprasert, Sasalaksamon Chanachai, Benjamas Prathanee. Data curation; Formal analysis: Sumita Duangprasert, Sasalaksamon Chanachai, Benjamas Prathanee. Writing - original draft: Sumita Duangprasert. Writing - review & editing: Sumita Duangprasert, Sasalaksamon Chanachai, Benjamas Prathanee.
Information | SLP1 | SLP2 | p-valueb) |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | 0.26 | ||
Male (n = 11) | 4 (36.4) | 7 (63.6) | |
Female (n = 8) | 5 (62.5) | 3 (37.5) | |
Age groupa) | 0.26 | ||
5–6 yr (n = 6) | 2 (33.3) | 4 (66.7) | |
7–8 yr (n = 5) | 2 (40.0) | 3 (60.0) | |
9–10 yr (n = 5) | 2 (40.0) | 3 (60.0) | |
11–13 yr (n = 3) | 3 (100) | 0 | |
Diagnosis | 0.33 | ||
CP (n = 5) | 4 (80.0) | 1 (20.0) | |
Lt. unilateral CP ± L (n = 4) | 1 (25.0) | 3 (75.0) | |
Rt. unilateral CP ± L (n = 4) | 2 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) | |
Bilateral CP ± L (n = 6) | 2 (33.3) | 4 (66.7) |
Assessmenta) | Normal (%) | Abnormal (%) | 95% CIb) | p-valuec) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Language | 63.16 | 36.84 | ||
Voice | –1.11 to 1.22 | |||
Pre-intervention | 78.95 | 21.05 | ||
Post-intervention | 73.68 | 26.32 | ||
Resonance | 0.23 | |||
Pre-intervention | 10.53 | 89.47 | ||
Post-intervention | 26.32 | 73.68 | ||
Speech understandability | 0.15 | |||
Pre-intervention | 26.32 | 73.68 | ||
Post-intervention | 63.16 | 36.84 | ||
Speech acceptability | < 0.01 | |||
Pre-intervention | 26.32 | 73.68 | ||
Post-intervention | 57.89 | 42.11 | ||
Facial grimace | 0.16 | |||
Pre-intervention | 10.53 | 89.47 | ||
Post-intervention | 15.79 | 84.21 |
GIRBAS, grade, instability, roughness, breathiness, athenia, strain; WNL, within normal litmts; CI, confidence interval.
a) Voice (GIRBAS scale): 0=normal voice, 1–6=mild voice disorders, 7–12=moderate voice disorders, 13–18=severe voice disorders. Resonance: –1=hyponasality, 0=WNL, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe. Speech understandability: 0=WNL, 1=speech is occasionally hard to understand, 2=speech is often hard to understand, 3=speech is hard to understand most or all of the time. Speech acceptability: 0=WNL, 1=speech deviates from normal to a mild degree, 2=speech deviates from normal to a moderate degree, 3=speech deviates from normal to a severe degree. Facial grimace: 0=WNL, 1=ala, 2=nasal bridge, 3=forehead;
Articulation errors |
Pre-test |
Post-test |
Pre- and post-testa) |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Range | Mean±SD | Range | Mean±SD | Mean difference | SD | 95% CI | |
Word | 29.63 to 92.59 | 61.79 ± 17.29 | 33.33 to 96.30 | 71.15 ± 16.91 | 9.36 | 11.87 | 3.64 to 15.08 |
Sentence | 18.52 to 85.19 | 57.11 ± 18.90 | 37.04 to 96.30 | 70.37 ± 14.66 | 13.25 | 13.71 | 6.65 to 19.86 |
Connected speech | 22.22 to 92.59 | 69.20 ± 17.55 | 48.15 to 96.30 | 73.10 ± 13.74 | 3.90 | 11.48 | –1.64 to 9.43 |
Questionnaire |
Satisfaction score (%)a) |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | Mean | |
1. Telepractice is effective for correcting articulation errors. | 42.11 | 47.37 | 10.53 | 0 | 0 | 4.42 |
2. Telepractice increases the convenience of speech therapy services. | 78.95 | 21.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.79 |
3. The duration of each telepractice session is appropriate. | 84.21 | 15.79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.84 |
4. The tool is suitable for speech correction. | 89.47 | 10.53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.89 |
5. The Zoom meeting application is easy to use for telepractice. | 78.95 | 21.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.79 |
6. Stability of the audio-visual system in telepractice. | 68.42 | 31.58 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.68 |
7. Convenience in contacting and sending information through the Line application. | 89.47 | 10.53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.89 |
8. Telepractice reduces the travel time required to access speech therapy services. | 94.74 | 5.26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.95 |
9. Telepractice reduces the cost of receiving speech therapy services. | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.00 |
10. Telepractice is suitable for speech correction during the COVID-19 pandemic. | 89.47 | 10.53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.89 |
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